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Water is crucial for economic development in Europe and Central Asia. Nearly 27% of the region's electricity comes from hydropower, and about 15% of agricultural income is from irrigated crops. Water-dependent industries, like food processing, employ 18-60% of the workforce in the region.
Water is also essential for health and well-being. Safe water and sanitation improve human and environmental health.
If current water management practices continue, however, economic challenges and water scarcity may worsen. Water demand in the region is expected to rise significantly by 2050, driven by economic growth. Industrial and domestic water demands are also expected to increase dramatically. Rising demand, changing availability, and poor management may negatively impact the economy.
Downstream and developing economies are particularly vulnerable due to actions of upstream countries and climate change. They often lack strong institutions and infrastructure.
The report aims to:
- Encourage policymakers to prioritize water management for people, the environment, and economic growth.
- Promote policy discussions to use water resources for greater benefits.
- Provide clear recommendations for sustainable, long-term regional water security.
Recommendations
To improve water security and meet water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), countries in Europe and Central Asia should:
- Update irrigation and drainage to boost water efficiency and productivity.
- Strengthen institutions for effective Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and develop long-term water strategies.
- Invest in water-use efficiency and infrastructure to enhance climate resilience.
- Foster regional cooperation for better management of shared water resources.
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World Bank in Europe and Central Asia