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publicationDecember 13, 2022

Fragility, Conflict, and Violence in Middle-income Countries

Report on fragility, conflict, and violence in middle-income countries

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) are more prevalent in middle-income countries (MICs) than low-income countries (LICs), hampering their development efforts and the eradication of poverty.
  • Over the last decade, the World Bank has worked on FCV issues in a wide range of MICs, with an increasing focus on addressing the impacts of FCV.
  • The challenge now is to apply the lessons learned as we develop the next generation of projects around FCV in MICs. This report lays out options for the World Bank and other development agencies to work more effectively in these situations.

OVERVIEW

It is commonly assumed that low-income countries are more prone to FCV than middle-income ones. Yet over the past decade, more people have been killed from political violence and homicides in middle-income countries than low-income ones. This report outlines the extent of the issue, mapping patterns of violence and conflict in middle-income countries. Drawing on a series of case studies, it looks at how the World Bank has worked on FCV in middle-income countries, what the challenges have been, and what has worked. It puts forward ideas on how the World Bank and other development actors can work more effectively on FCV in middle-income countries.