Building Evidence on Forced Displacement

Building the Evidence on Forced Displacement supported more than 130 research projects across several continents. The following presents the research by region, country, and, for research that is broader in scope, by topic. 

    Africa

Burundi

• Refugee Return and Social Cohesion

Cameroon

• Integrating assistance to the displaced into a social protection system in Cameroon. An ideal, but in whose interests?

Chad

• Estimating Poverty among Refugee Populations: A Cross-Survey Imputation Exercise for Chad

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

• Conflict, Displacement and Overlapping Vulnerabilities: Understanding Risk Factors for Gender-based Violence among Displaced Women in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement Country Report --- Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Hosting New Neighbors: Perspectives of Host Communities on Social Cohesion in Eastern DRC

Ethiopia

• Forced Displacement, Gender, and Livelihoods: A Case of Refugees in Ethiopia
• Livelihood impacts of refugees on host communities: Evidence from Ethiopia
• Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Refugees in Ethiopia, Report No. 2: Results from a High-Frequency Phone Survey of Refugees
• Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Refugees in Ethiopia: Results from a High-Frequency Phone Survey of Refugees (English)
• Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia
• Refugees welcome? Inter-group interaction and host community attitude formation

Kenya

• Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Market Outcomes of Refugees and Nationals in Kenya
• Understanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in Kalobeyei, Kenya
• Refugees welcome? Inter-group interaction and host community attitude formation

Liberia

• The Risk that Travels with You: The Links between Forced Displacement, Conflict and Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia and Liberia

Mali

• Intimate Partner Violence and Household Decision Making Autonomy : Effects of the Malian Conflict on Women
• The Effects of Internally Displaced Peoples on Consumption and Inequality in Mali

Nigeria

• Coping with Compounding Challenges in Conflict Crises : Evidence from North-east Nigeria
• Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks: Evidence from Nigeria
• Risk Preferences and Decision to Flee Conflict
• The effect of armed conflict on intimate partner violence: Evidence from the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria

           North Africa

• LAND MATTERS Can Better Governance and Management of Scarcity Prevent a Looming Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa?

Rwanda

• Climate resilience in Rwanda: evaluating refugees’ and host populations’ vulnerability to risk

Somalia

• Differences in Household Composition: Hidden Dimensions of Poverty and Displacement in Somalia

South Africa

• Distributional Policies and Social Cohesion in a High-Unemployment Setting

South Sudan

• What it takes to Return: UN Peacekeeping and the safe return of internally displaced people

Sudan

• The Double Burden of Female Protracted Displacement : Survey Evidence on Gendered Livelihoods in El Fasher, Darfur

Uganda

• Can Development Aid Change Attitudes toward Refugees? Experimental Evidence from Urban Microentrepreneurs in Uganda
• How to cope with a refugee shock: evidence from Uganda
• Inclusive refugee-hosting can improve local development and prevent public backlash
• Displacement and Social Empowerment : Evidence from Surveys of IDPs in Iraq, the Philippines, and Uganda
• Refugees welcome? Inter-group interaction and host community attitude formation

Tanzania

• Intergenerational Impact of Population Shocks on Children's Health: Evidence from the 1993-2001 Refugee Crisis in Tanzania

Sub Saharan Africa

• Multi-country paper 4 - A Multi-Country Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty in Contexts of Forced Displacement
• The effects of refugees’ camps on hosting areas: Social conflicts and economic growth
• Refugees, Diversity and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa

West Africa

• Climate Shocks, Migration, and Labor Markets: A Gender Analysis from West Africa
• How do shocks affect enrollment in faith-based schools? Evidence from West Africa

Asia and Middle East

Afghanistan

• The enduring impacts of a big push during multiple crises: Experimental evidence from Afghanistan (full paper) - 
• Living Conditions and Settlement Decisions of Recent Afghan Returnees: Findings from a 2018 Phone Survey of Afghan Returnees and UNHCR data (English)
• More is better: Evaluating the impact of a variation in cash assistance on the reintegration outcomes of returning Afghan refugees
• No Household Left Behind: Afghanistan Targeting the Ultra Poor Impact Evaluation
• Program targeting with machine learning and mobile phone data: Evidence from an anti-poverty intervention in Afghanistan

Australia

• Do Refugees with Better Mental Health Better Integrate? Evidence from the Building a New Life in Australia Longitudinal Survey

Bangladesh

• The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp
• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Country Report --- Bangladesh
• Rohingya Refugee Camps and Forest Loss in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: An Inquiry Using Remote Sensing and Econometric Approaches

Iran

• How Do Shared Experiences of Economic Shocks Impact Refugees and Host Communities Evidence from Afghan Refugees in Iran

Iraq

• How Can Vulnerable Internally Displaced Persons Be Transitioned from Humanitarian Assistance to Social Protection Evidence from Iraq
• Displacement and Social Empowerment : Evidence from Surveys of IDPs in Iraq, the Philippines, and Uganda
• Iraq's Universal Public Distribution System : Utilization and Impacts During Displacement
• Local Peace Agreements and the Return of IDPs with Perceived ISIL Affiliation in Iraq
• Multidimensional Poverty Assessment of Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq

Jordan

• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Country Report - Jordan
• Estimating Poverty for Refugee Populations : Can Cross-Survey Imputation Methods Substitute for Data Scarcity ? (English)
• Estimating poverty for refugees in data-scarce contexts: an application of cross-survey imputation
• How Do Gender Norms Shape Education and Domestic Work Outcomes The Case of Syrian Refugee Adolescents in Jordan
• How Does Poverty Differ Among Refugees? Taking a Gender Lens to the Data on Syrian Refugees in Jordan
• Optimal targeting under budget constraints in a humanitarian context
• The Impact of hosting arrangement (camp vs out-of-camp) on the quality of life of refugees. The case of Syrian refugees in Jordan
• Building Stability Between Host and Refugee Communities : Evidence from a TVET Program in Jordan and Lebanon
• Impact Evaluation Brief: Results from the POWER-J Socioemotional Skills Intervention Piloted in Public Schools in Jordan

Lebanon

• Building Stability Between Host and Refugee Communities : Evidence from a TVET Program in Jordan and Lebanon

Philippines

• Displacement and Social Empowerment : Evidence from Surveys of IDPs in Iraq, the Philippines, and Uganda

Syrian Arab Republic

• Displacement and return in the internet Era: Social media for monitoring migration decisions in Northern Syria

Europe

Bosnia-Herzegovina

• Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality: Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

• Exposure to Conflict and Long-run Education and Income Inequality: Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Germany

• Forced Migration and Social Cohesion: Evidence from the 2015/16 Mass Inflow in Germany

Greece

• Humanitarian assistance and social protection responses to the forcibly displaced in Greece
• Long-Term Effects of the 1923 Mass Refugee Inflow on Social Cohesion in Greece
  Project Proposal

Switzerland

• Labor Market Integration, Local Conditions and Inequalities : Evidence from Refugees in Switzerland

Turkey

• Out of sight, out of mind: The impact of lockdown measures on sentiment towards refugees
• What are the impacts of Syrian refugees on Host Communities Welfare on Refugees in Turkey?

Latin America

Brazil

• Integration of Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants in Brazil
• The Fiscal Impact of Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants in Brazil

Chile

• Why Student Aid Matters ? Roadblocks to the Transition into Higher Education for Forced Migrants in Chile

Colombia

• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Colombia country report
• Do Gender Norms Become Less Traditional with Displacement The Case of Colombia
• Policy Preferences in Response to Large Migration Inflows
• Social Cohesion, Economic Security, and Forced Displacement in the Long-Run : Evidence from Rural Colombia
• Social protection responses to forced displacement in Colombia
• Superstitions and Civilian Displacement: Evidence from the Colombian Conflict
• The Risk that Travels with You: The Links between Forced Displacement, Conflict and Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia and Liberia

Guatemala

• Extortion and Civic Engagement among Guatemalan Deportees

Peru

• Immigration, Labor Markets and Discrimination : Evidence from the Venezuelan Exodus in Peru

Global (by topic)

Covid-19 pandemic

• A Simple Early Warning Signal for COVID-19
• COVID-19 in humanitarian settings and lessons learned from past epidemics
• Estimation of the infection fatality rate and the total number of SARS-CoV-2 infections
• Out of sight, out of mind: The impact of lockdown measures on sentiment towards refugees
• Addressing the Human Capital Dimension of the COVID-19 Response in Forced Displacement Settings

Economics

• The Economics of Forced Displacement: An Introduction
• The impact of forced displacement on host communities: A review of the empirical literature in economics

Gender

• Proposed Approach for the Gender Dimensions of Forced Displacement Research Program
• Conflict and Girl Child Marriage: Global Evidence
• Gender Dimensions of Forced Displacement Research Program Overview
• Data Options for Assessing Gendered Dimensions of Forced Displacement

• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement Final report - Executive Summary
• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Bangladesh country report
• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Colombia country report 
• The Biq Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Democratic Republic of Congo country report
• The Big Questions in Health and Forced Displacement - Jordan Country Report
• The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp

Impact Evaluations

• Impact Evaluations in Forced Displacement Contexts: A Guide for Practitioners

Poverty and targeting

• Measuring Poverty In Forced Displacement Contexts
• Optimal targeting under budget constraints in a humanitarian context
• Program targeting with machine learning and mobile phone data: Evidence from an anti-poverty intervention in Afghanistan
• Estimating poverty for refugees in data-scarce contexts: an application of cross-survey imputation
• Policy preferences in response to large forced migration inflows
• What can existing microdata tell us about transfer receipt among host and displaced populations?
• Estimating Food Price Inflation from Partial Surveys

Returnees

• Refugee return and social cohesion
• The Economics of Refugee Return
• The Economic Effects of Refugee Return and Policy Implications

Social Cohesion

• Publication: Social Cohesion and Forced Displacement: A Synthesis of New Research
• Forced displacement, social cohesion, and the state: Evidence from eight new studies
• Social Cohesion and Forced Displacement: a desk review to inform programming and project design
• Effects of assistance provision on social cohesion in contexts of forced displacement: a background literature review
• Attitudes and Policies toward Refugees : Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Social Protection

• Basic needs and wellbeing in displacement settings: the role of humanitarian assistance and social protection
• Humanitarian assistance and social protection in contexts of forced displacement: effects on social cohesion
• Adjusting social protection delivery to support displaced populations
• Adjusting social protection delivery to support displaced populations: A toolkit
• Linking social protection and humanitarian assistance: A toolkit to support basic needs and wellbeing in displacement settings
• Linking social protection and humanitarian assistance: Guidance to assess the factors and actors that determine an optimal approach in a displacement setting. A toolkit
• Linking social protection and humanitarian assistance. A toolkit to support social cohesion in displacement settings
• Social protection literature review
• Understanding Decisions Made on Asylum Applications in Host Countries (English)