While Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) high-income economies continue to perform the best across most areas measured by Doing Business, Eastern Europe and Central Asia is narrowing that gap. In 3 of the 10 areas, Europe and Central Asia is at the same level or ahead, and falls close behind in another two.
Since 2009, 92% of countries in the region have improved their process for starting a business – a higher share than any other region, says the World Bank-IFC survey, published since 2003. Europe and Central Asia has overtaken East Asia and the Pacific over time as the second most business-friendly after the OECD economies.
In Africa, 66% of countries enacted at least one reform last year, vs. 33% in 2005. Nine African countries are among the top 20 most improved in terms of business regulations since 2009: Benin, Burundi, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
Doing Business 2014, a World Bank Group flagship report, covers 189 economies and 10 indicator sets: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, paying taxes, trading across borders, getting credit, protecting investors, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency. This year marks the 1th edition in the series.
“Countries want to be more competitive and to be prepared for when their markets are more open to international trade,” said Ramalho.
They also want businesses to be able to survive competition from foreign firms, she added.
“Governments across the globe realize the private sector is an important motor of development and job creation,” said Ramalho. “And they realize it’s important to have the right regulations that enable the development of the private sector.”
‘A Very Remarkable Narrowing’
The overall rankings sometimes mask major gains in countries that are reforming amid challenges, such as conflict or widespread poverty. To provide a fuller picture, the survey’s “Distance to the Frontier” indicator measures an economy’s own progress in reforming business regulations and practices over time.
In this year’s survey, 80% of economies had a better score on this front, but only a third went up in the overall ranking, said Ramalho.
Five of this year’s most-improved economies — Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, the Philippines, and Ukraine — are still in the bottom half of the global ranking on the ease of doing business.
Yet big improvements have been made globally in reducing the amount of time it takes to start a business. In 2005, the figure was 113 days for the bottom 25% of economies, and 29 days for the rest – a gap of 85 days. The 2014 report finds that gap has narrowed to 33 days.
Augusto Lopez-Claros, World Bank Group director for Global Indicators and Analysis, described this change as “a very remarkable narrowing.”
“The economies with the most costly and complex regulatory procedures and the weakest legal institutions are gradually adopting some of the regulatory practices seen in the better performers, and this is leading to a process of catching up across many of the dimensions captured by the Doing Business indicators,” he said.
What Spurs Progress?
Countries that have improved the most since 2005 include China in East Asia and the Pacific, Colombia in Latin America and the Caribbean, Rwanda in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Poland in the OECD high-income economies.
Ramalho says these “regional champions” and other economies that have made impressive strides tend to have well-functioning governments, well-designed institutions, and the ability to coordinate efforts to improve the business climate.
“A broad, sustained approach to managing business regulation is key to sustained reforms and common among the 20 economies that moved closer to the “frontier” over the past five years,” she said.
The report also finds a relationship between the degree of black market or “informal” business activity and the Doing Business ranking – the worse the score, the higher the degree of informality.
Good performers on Doing Business indicators are likely to be more inclusive. Countries with the fewest legal restrictions on women tend to do better in the rankings, the report says.
Doing Business should be seen as a tool to inform economies where some of the bottlenecks are – the report does not measure such things as labor skills and many other types of infrastructure, said Ramalho.
“The right regulations can only get you so far. I think our clients understand that.”
