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publication May 4, 2021

Education Expenditure, Enrolment Dynamics and the Impact of COVID-19 on Learning in Jordan

Students wearing protective face masks attend a class at one of the public schools on the first day of the new school year, amid fears of rising number of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Amman, Jordan.

Students wearing protective face masks attend a class at one of the public schools on the first day of the new school year, amid fears of rising number of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Amman, Jordan September 1, 2020. 

Raad Adileh/ World Bank


The policy note is divided into two parts, where part I leverages data from the 2017/18 Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) to explore the utilization of education services by socioeconomic groups, refugee status and gender. It also analyzes data from the latest PISA round to estimate access to technology and online resources before the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Part II of the policy note simulates the potential impact of COVID-19 on learning outcomes in Jordan and illustrates the magnitude of the education sector challenge, and how the World Bank has developed a tool to estimate the adverse effects of COVID-19 on children’s learning.