The heating sector in Uzbekistan; like many countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region; relies substantially on fossil fuels and highly polluting firewood and coal stoves. District heating (DH); only available in the capital city of Tashkent; and in several smaller cities; relies on mainly natural gas; provides substandard levels of service and is unable to fully recover its costs. Outside the cities with DH; heating is mainly electricity or gas-based; driven by the below cost-recovery tariffs for electricity and gas that promoted such heating.All potential technological pathways imply a prolonged transition period fraught with uncertainties and implementation challenges; which will have to be carefully managed to avoid ‘carbon lock-in’ and exacerbating existing social inequities. The Government has requested analytical support from the World Bank to evaluate the options for sustainable heating solutions that could be implemented across the country (in four urban areas excluding Tashkent and rural areas). Therefore; analysis of sustainable heating solutions for Uzbekistan would be carried out to inform the Government thinking on preferred solutions; conceptual design; and action plan for implementation.The proposed study will consider conclusions from a recent World Bank Sustainable Heating study[1]; which conducted economic and financial analyses to determine the levelized cost of heating (LCOH) for various individual heating systems for sample multi-family buildings (MFBs) and single-family houses (SFHs) in urban and rural areas in six countries (including Uzbekistan). Some main results included: (i) where available; DH represents the lowest cost; both in financial and economic terms; (ii) for urban SFHs; air-to-air heat pumps generally have the lowest LCOH for homes without internal heat distribution systems; for SFHs with internal piping; condensing gas boilers almost always have the lowest LCOH (both economic and financial). (iii) for urban MFBs; air-to-air heat pumps were most economic for MFBs without internal piping; condensing gas boilers often had the lowest economic LCOH in buildings with internal distribution systems. (iv) in rural SFHs; air-to-air heat pumps and eco-design biomass (wood) stoves generally had the lowest economic LCOH. The assignment will have two phases: (1) sustainable heating strategy for Uzbekistan and (2) comprehensive sustainable heating strategy for one city in Uzbekistan. Phase 2 will be added to the assignment with conditions of the Consultant’s satisfactory performance of Phase 1 and availability of funds for Phase 2.[1] ECA: Toward a Framework for the Sustainable Heating Transition (World Bank; 2023)