Carlos Végh, a Uruguayan national, is an academic economist who, since 2013, is the Fred H. Sanderson Professor of International Economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and holds a joint appointment with Johns Hopkins' Department of Economics. He is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research since 1998. He was the World Bank Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean from February 1, 2017 to June 30, 2019, while on leave from Johns Hopkins, where he oversaw a team of economists and was in charge of providing intellectual leadership, economic analysis, and advice on the development issues facing the region.

Végh also served as Professor of Economics and Vice-Chair of Undergraduate Studies at UCLA, and before that as Chair of the Program in Comparative and Topical Studies at UCLA's Latin American Center.